The article presents a comparative analysis of three well-known Urdu translations of "Qisa Chahar Darwish", namely Bagh-e-Bahar by Mir Aman Dehlvi, Nautra-ze-Marsa by Mir Muhammad Hussain Atta Khan Tahseen, and Nautra-ze-Marsa by Muhammad Ghaus Zarin, in which the cultural and social elements found in these translations are mainly discussed. "Qisa Chahar Darwish" is an important milestone in the literary tradition of the subcontinent, which not only strengthens the artistic tradition of storytelling but also reflects the social and cultural trends of that period. The aim of this study was to clarify how the same story takes on new semantic and intellectual colors in the hands of different translators in different periods. In Bagh-e-Bahar, Mir Aman Dehlvi has presented the urban civilization, popular language, and daily social life of Delhi in a very simple and eloquent manner. His prose deeply reflects the social relations, class balance, and public feelings of that time. On the other hand, Tahsin's new style has a courtly and aristocratic atmosphere, in which the artifice of language and expression, scholarly sophistication, and class distinction are clearly visible. In contrast, Muhammad Ghaus Zarin's translation is written from a balanced and ethical point of view, which represents the spiritual and moral values of Indian society. This study concludes that in these three translations, "Qisa Chahar Darwish" is not just a story but also represents the cultural, social, and intellectual structure of each translator's era. Through these translations, the development of Urdu prose, simplicity of language, and various aspects of cultural consciousness are highlighted. This comparative review highlights the fact that Urdu literature has always absorbed the social attitudes, human relations, and cultural values of its era. In this sense, the translations of "Qisa Chahar Darwish" are a valuable literary asset for understanding the evolution of Urdu prose and the cultural background of the subcontinent.

1.           Muhammad Siddiq, Urdu ki Nasr ka Irtiqa (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2005), 112.

2.           Dr. Jameel Jalibi, Tareekh-e Adab-e Urdu, jild 2 (Karachi: Majlis Taraqqi Adab, 1991), 245.

3.           Ehtisham Husain, Urdu Adab ki Tanqeedi Tareekh (Aligarh: Aligarh Muslim University Press, 1952), 187.

4.           Syed Abdullah, Nasr-e Urdu ki Riwayat (Lahore: Punjab University Press, 1978), 163.

5.            Abdul Haleem Sharar, Maqalat-e Sharar (Lucknow: Nadwat-ul-Musannifeen, 1934), 59.

6.            Rashid Ahmad Siddiqi, Khutbat-e Rashid (Aligarh: Muslim University Press, 1954), 202.

7.            Dr. Gyan Chand Jain, Urdu Nasr ka Samaji o Saqafati Pas Manzar (Dihli: Urdu Academy, 1987), 94.

8.            Mir Amman, Bagh o Bahar (Agra: Electric Abu’l-‘Ala’i Press India, 1802), 49.

9             Ibid, 50.

10.         Ibid, 52.

11.          Ibid, 55.

12.         Mir Muhammad Husain ‘Ata Khan Tahsin, Nau Tarz-i Murassa (Dihli: Anjuman Taraqqi Urdu (Hind), 1826), 43.

13.          Ibid, 44.

14.         Ibid, 49.

15.          Ibid, 57.

16.         Mir Amman, Bagh o Bahar, 56.

17.          Ibid, 57.

18.         Ibid, 59.

19.         Mir Muhammad Husain ‘Ata Khan Tahsin, Nau Tarz-i Murassa, 89.

20.        Ibid, 59.

21.         Ghaus Zarin, Nau Tarz-i Murassa (Dihli: Anjuman Taraqqi Urdu (Hind), 1802), 27.

22.       Ibid, 29.

23.        Mir Amman, Bagh o Bahar, 61.

24.        Ibid, 63.

25.        Ibid, 62.

26.        Ibid, 68.

27.        Ibid, 69.

28.        Ghaus Zarin, Nau Tarz-i Murassa, 12.

29.        Ibid, 13.

30.        Ibid, 15.

31.          Ibid, 23.

32.        Ibid, 24.

33.         Ibid, 26.