1.             Gunneflo, Markus (2015), Rudolf Kjellen, Nordic bio politics before the welfare state, P 36.

2.             Michel Foucault: Security, Territory population, 2007, P 1.

3.           اقبال آفاقی، ڈاکٹر، مابعدجدیدیت(اسلام آباد: نیشنل بک فاؤنڈیشن، ۲۰۱۶ء)، ص۳۹۷۔

4.             Michel Foucault: Society Must be defended, picador, P 242.

5.             Foucault, Michel, Society Must be Defended, Lectures at the college de France, 1975-76 (New York: St-Mastin’s Press, 1997), P 242.

6.             Nayer, P.K 2019, Fanan and Bio politics, in Frantz Fanon and Emancipatory social theory, P217.

7.             Michel Foucault 2007: Security, Territory population, 1977-1978, P:311

8.             Foucault, Michel 1997, Society Must be Defended, Lectures at the college de France, 1975-76, P243.

9.             Said, E.W., (1979), Orientalism-vintage, P 113.

10.           Stephen J. Ball, Foucault, Power and Education (London: Routledge publication, 2013), P 147.

11.           Ibid, P143.

12.           Gutting Gary, Foucault, A very short introduction (London: Oxford university press, 2005), P20.

13.          پروفیسر عتیق اللہ، تنقید کی جمالیات(جدیدیت، مابعد جدیدیت)، جلد ۵، ص۳۹۷۔