1.          Shams-ul-Rahman Farooqi, Kayi Chaand They Sar-e-Aasmaan (Karachi: Shahzad Publishers, 2018), 219.

2.          Shams-ul-Rahman Farooqi, Kayi Chaand They Sar-e-Aasmaan, Izhaar-e-Tashakkur, 815.

3.          Collins Cobuild Dictionary (London: Haper Colins Publishers, 1992), 268.

4.          Dr. Mubarak Ali, Bartanvi Hindustan (Lahore: Tareekh Publishers, 2019), 12-13.

5.          Naseer Abbas Neer, "Maba'd-e-Nowabadiyat: Haddood-o-Imtiyazat," included in Maba'd-e-Nowabadiyat: Urdu ke Tanaasur Mein (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2013), 5.

6.          Ibid.

7.          Naseer Abbas Neer, "Naye Isti'mari Bayaniye aur Urdu Adab," included in Yeh Qissa Kya Hai Ma'ni Ka (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publishers, 2022), p. 22.

8.          Dr. Mubarak Ali, Bartanvi Hindustan, 14-15.

9.          Shams-ul-Rahman Farooqi, Kayi Chaand They Sar-e-Aasmaan, 188.

10.        Ibid, p. 174.

11.         Dr. Mubarak Ali, Aakhri Ahd-e-Mughliya ka Hindustan, 135-137.

12.        Dr. Ihtisham Ali, Urdu Nazm ka Nowabadiyati Tanaasur (Lahore: Aks Publishers, 2019), 15.

13.        Ibid, 14.

14.        Ibid, 459.

15.        Dr. Mubarak Ali, Aakhri Ahd-e-Mughliya ka Hindustan, 37.

16.        Feroz Alam, "Kayi Chaand They Sar-e-Aasmaan, Fiction ka Ek Sang-e-Meel," included in Dastaras (Sah-Mahi) Dhanbad, 15-16.

17.        Shashi Tharoor, Ahed-e-Zulmat (British Raj in India), translated by Abid Mahmood (Lahore: Aks Publishers, 2021), 39.

18.        Shams-ul-Rahman Farooqi, Kayi Chaand They Sar-e-Aasmaan, 680.

19.        Ma'eed Rashidi, "Kayi Chaand They Sar-e-Aasmaan: Tanqeedi-o-Tajziati Mutaliah," included in Roshnai, Vol. 42,29-30.