Feminists, who proclaim to be the representatives of women rights, are of the view that feminine notions, likes a woman is fragile, weak and venerable to panic, are not by her birth rather these are attached to her by patriarchal society. Therefore, a woman’s gender is socially constructed. On the other side, anti-feminists try to prove above noted feminine traits scientifically and psychologically. Thus, manifest the idea that a woman’s gender is biologically defined. This study endeavors at paving a mid and agreeable way between these two-confronting frames of minds by stressing the commonly shared and agreed upon notions.

1.           Suzanne M Marilley, Woman suffrage and the origins of liberal feminism in the United States, 1820-1920 (Harvard University Press, 1996).

2.           Martha Gimenez, The oppression of women, (Hennessy and Ingraham, 1997).

۳۔         عتیق اللہ، پروفیسر، بیسویں صدی میں خواتین اردو و ادب (نئی دہلی: ماڈرن پبلشنگ ہاؤس، ۲۰۰۲ء)۔

4.         Rosemary Feurer, The Meaning of “Sisterhood”: The British Women’s Movement and Protective Labour Legislation, 1987-1900.

5.           Joan Didion, "The Women’s Movement", in: The New York Times, July 30, 1972.

6.           Simn de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (New York: Vintage Book, 1973), P.283.

7.           An Oakley Sex, Gender and Society (2015), P.21:22.

8.           George T Ellison, Biological determinism, ResearchGate, July, 2017.

9.           Simon Baron-Cohen, “Testing the Empathizing Systemizing (E-S) theory of sex difference and the Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory of autism in half a million people”, (Research Centre University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, June 27, 2018).

۱۰۔          خواتین اور مردوں کے دماغ کی ساخت مختلف: تحقیق، وائس آف امریکہ، 4 دسمبر 2013ء۔

۱۱۔          ایضاً

12.           William Reville, ‘‘Gender is not a social construct’’, in: THE IRISH TIMES, 4 April, 2013.

۱۳۔           زکریا ورک، ’’قدیم دور میں عورت کی حیثیت‘‘، مشمولہ:  جنگ، 22 مئی،  2019ء۔

۱۴۔          ڈاکٹر مبارک علی، ’’یونانی معاشرے میں عورت نامکمل انسان تھی‘‘،  مشمولہ: انڈیپنڈنٹ اردو، 19 جون، ۲۰۱۹ء۔

۱۵۔          کلیر جونز، ’’سائنس کی تاریخ سے نکالی گئی خواتین‘‘، مشمولہ: انڈیپنڈنٹ اردو، 12جنوری، 2019ء۔

16.           Samantha Mclaren, 15 Gender Identity Terms You Need to Know to Build an Inclusive Workplace, May 20, 2019.

17.          Ulla Wischerman and Ilze Klavina Mueller, Feminist Theories on the Separation of the Private and the Public(University of Nebraska Press, 2004).

۱۸۔           ناصر عباس نیّر، ڈاکٹر،’’ نسوانی تنقید‘‘، مشمولہ: اردو ادب اور تانیثیت (اسلام آباد: پورب اکادمی، س۔ ن)، ص ۱۵۳۔

19.        Daphna Joel, "It’s Time for a World without Gender", in: Scientific American, October 10, 2019.