1.    Garard Van Herk, What is Sociolinguistics? (WILWY Blackwell: John Wiley & sons Ltd, 2012),10.

2.    John Edward, Sociolinguistics: A very short Introduction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 4.

3.    For Detail See:

David Crystal, The penguin Dictionary of Language (London: Penguin Books,1999).

4.    Ibid.

5.    Concise Oxford English Dictionary,2006.

6.    Darrell t. Tryon et al, Pacific Pidgins and Creoles: Origins, Growth and Development (Berlin: moten de groter, 2004),7-16.

7.    Ibid, 6.

8.    David Crystal, The penguin Dictionary of Language (London: Penguin Books,1999), 224.