1.                   Dr. Muhammad Afzal, Urdu Novel Mein Samaji Shaoor (Islamabad: Poorab Academy, 2009 AD), 32.

2.                  Yasmeen Fatima, Jadeed Urdu Afsane Mein Asri Haseeat (Hyderabad: Maktaba Sher-o-Hikmat, 1987 AD), 107.

3.                   Saghir Afraheem, Urdu Fiction: Tanqeed aur Tajzia(Ali Garh: Educational Book House, 2003 AD), 231.

4.                   Dr. Muhammad Hassan, Adabi Samajiyyat (Delhi: Farogh-e-Urdu, 2001 AD), 11.

5.                   Muhammad Saleemur Rahman, "Pur Zor Zamane, Pur Shor Fasan", in: Haft Rozah Hum Shehri, Issue 5 (Online: April to June 2016), 6.

6.                   Dr. Najiba Aarif (ed.), 9/11 aur Pakistani Urdu Afsana (Islamabad: Poorab Academy, 2011 AD), 32.

7.                   Mobeen Mirza, "Daam-e-Wehshat", in: Khof Ke Aasman Tale (Karachi: Academy Bazyaft, 2004 AD), 77.

8.                   Amar Masood, "Mitti Tale Dubees Baysaal", in: Roznama Nai Baat (Khawateen Magazine) (Lahore: December 19-25, 2012), 12.

9.                   Nair Iqbal Alvi, "Global Village", in: Jahan e Rang-o-Boo (Lahore: Multi Media Affair, 2005 AD), 46.

10.                Yasmeen Fatima, Jadeed Urdu Afsane Mein Asri Haseeat (Hyderabad: Maktaba Sher-o-Hikmat, 1987 AD), 107.

11.                 Dr. Nasir Abbas Nayyar, Alamgiriyat aur Urdu aur Digar Mazameen (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2015 AD), 291.