1.      Dr. Saleem Akhtar, Shaoor aur Lashaoor ka Shaair Ghalib (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publishers, 2014), 381.

2.      Dr. Khalifa Abdul Hakeem, Afkar-e-Ghalib (Lahore: Maktaba Ma'arif-ul-Adab, 1943), 72.

3.      Asloob Ahmed Ansari, Ghalib: Jadeed Tanqeedi Tanazurat (Nai Delhi: Ghalib Institute, 2004), 242.

4.      Nasir Abbas Nayyar, Matn, Siyaq aur Tanazur (Islamabad: Poorab Academy, 2012), 238.

5.      Dr. Gopi Chand Narang, Ghalib: Ma'ani Afreeni, Jadliyati Wazah, Shonita aur Shairiyat (Nai Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 2013), 97.

6.      Nazim Siddiqi, Ma Baad Jadidiyat Se Naye Ahd Ki Takhleekiat Tak (Lahore: Kitabi Dunya, 2021), 53.

7.      Dr. Gopi Chand Narang, Ghalib: Ma'ani Afreeni, Jadliyati Wazah, Shonita aur Shairiyat, 48.

8.     George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Science of Logic, edited/translated by George di Giovanni (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 98.

9.      Dr. Gopi Chand Narang, Ghalib: Ma'ani Afreeni, Jadliyati Wazah, Shonita aur Shairiyat, 58.

10.     Makaalay mein shamil Ghalib ke tamam ashaar Dewan-e-Ghalib kamil hi se liye gaye hain:

Ghalib, Dewan-e-Ghalib Kamil, Mudawwina: Kali Das Gupta Raza (Karachi: Anjuman Taraqqi Urdu Pakistan, 2012), 155.

11.     Asloob Ahmed Ansari, Ghalib: Jadeed Tanqeedi Tanazurat, 239.

12.     Nasir Abbas Nayyar, Matn, Siyaq aur Tanazur, 239.

13.     Ibid.

14.     Asloob Ahmed Ansari, Ghalib: Jadeed Tanqeedi Tanazurat, 252-152.